Fungal Infections
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About Fungal Infections
Fungal Infections are caused by an organism called Fungi. Fungi are called eukaryotic organisms. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms are present in the kingdom of fungi. Fungi are present universally. Infections caused by fungus are called Mycosis. Many are mild and easy to treat, but some are very serious. Usually, our immune system is enough to fight these infections. Severe fungal infections more certainly develop in people with weakened immune system, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS etc. Symptoms depend upon the type of fungal infection.
Types of Fungal Infections
Superficial fungal Infections
Infections caused on the surface of the body are called superficial or surface fungal infections. These infections are caused on the skin, nails etc. These are two types
✔ Surface infections
✔ Cutaneous infections
1. Surface infections:
A few examples of surface infections are below
✔ Tinea nigra
Tinea Nigra is a superficial fungal infection. It is caused by Hortaea werneckii fungus. It produces black or brownish macular scratches on the palms.
✔ Tinea versicolor
The fungi of the species Malassezia furfur cause it. Malassezia furfur is a part of the normal skin flora that transforms from yeast cells to pathogens in mycelial form. Macules, patches or thin plagues are caused.
✔ Piedra
It is a superficial infection of the hair shafts. The development of firm, irregular nodules in the hair shaft characterizes it. It is asymptomatic. Affects both genders irrespective of age. There are two types called white and black piedra.
2. Cutaneous infections
Here is an example of a cutaneous fungal infection
✔ Dermatophyte Infection
It is a superficial fungal infection that affects skin, hair, and nails. A dermatophyte is a group of filamentous fungi that require keratin for growth and infect only keratinized tissue. There are several types of dermatophyte infections based on their shape and size. These infections are highly contagious.
✔ Subcutaneous fungal infections
Fungal infections that are caused under the skin are called subcutaneous fungal infections. Enters the skin through contaminated material when there are cuts and wounds. These fungi have habitats of soil hence more common in tropical and subtropical regions.
Examples
Mycetoma
✔ It is a chronic, slowly progressive granulomatous infection of the skin. Symptoms are tumour swelling etc.
Sporotrichosis:
✔ It is also called Rose Gardner’s disease. It is caused by a thermally dimorphic fungus called Sporothrix schenckii. It is seen mainly among weak immune persons.
Systemic fungal infection
✔ This fungus affects the whole body. Also known as deep fungal infections. There are two types of Systemic fungal infection.
- Primary
- Opportunistic
1. Primary Systemic fungal infections
As soon as this fungus enters a person’s body causes diseases
Examples
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis is caused by Histoplasma fungus. It affects the lungs by entering the bloodstream. It attacks by inhaling spores of the fungus.
blastomycosis
Blastomyces is a fungal infection caused by the fungus called Blastomyces. It is a soil-inhabiting, dimorphic fungus caused by inhalation.
2. Opportunistic Systemic fungal infections
These fungi are not pathogenic and occur in immunocompromised hosts. Examples
Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus called Aspergillus. The fungus is prevalent. Weakened immune persons usually get attacked.
Zygomycosis
Bread mould fungi cause zygomycosis. It is widely distributed in nature and infects immunocompromised people.
Treatment of fungal infections
Fungal infections are diagnosed and treated depending on their symptoms and the type of infection. Dr Ravi Kiran is the best fungal infections treatment doctor in Hyderabad, over 15+ years of experience.
Dr. Ravikiran provides treatments for HIV Infection Treatment, Fungal Infection Treatment, Tuberculosis Infection Treatment, and many more. he has Member of several medical associations. He Lists as a Top Infectious Disease Treatment Doctor in Hyderabad With 15 years of experience in his field.